Which worldview suggests that individuals can believe in God without adhering to a specific religion?

The worldview that suggests individuals can believe in God without adhering to a specific religion is agnosticism. Agnostics hold the position that the existence of God, or the divine, is ultimately unknown or unknowable. This perspective allows for the belief in a higher power or spiritual force without the requirement to subscribe to specific dogmas, rituals, or doctrines tied to organized religions. Agnosticism provides the flexibility of personal beliefs, often resulting in a spiritual understanding that is subjective and individual, rather than confined to the established structures of formal religious practices.

This contrasts with the other options: spiritualism often implies a belief in communication with the spirit world, which is more aligned with specific practices and teachings; atheism outright denies the existence of any deities; and theism typically involves a belief in God or gods but usually aligns with particular religious doctrines. Each of these positions carries more definitive commitments to beliefs or practices than the more open and questioning stance embodied in agnosticism.